Viola mandshurica W.Becker


Family	VIOLACEAE
Genus species	Viola mandshurica W.Becker sect. Viola
Bibliography	Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120: 179 (1917)
Native Range	Russian Far East to n. & e. China and Korea, Japan
Primary Biome	Temperate
Habitat	grassland
Altitude	100-1000m
Description	leaves triangular-lanceolate to broadly oblong-lanceolate or ovate, 3-8cm long, sinuate-dentate, flowers 2-3cm across, when white, then with purple venation
Size	10-20cm
Color	dark purple, white
Bloom	summer
Ca
Type	perennial
Cultivation	mesic, slightly humous, sunny site alpine house, moist, rich, drained soil, sun
Propagation	seed in winter, barely covered, germ. 1-3 months, 13-16°C division after flowering and in fall
Synonyms	Viola albida ssp. marginata W.Becker Viola chinensis var. ciliata Nakai Viola chinensis var. media Nakai Viola chinensis var. transitica Nakai Viola hsinganensis Taken. Viola mandshurica f. albiflora S.S.Ying Viola mandshurica f. aureoreticulata M.Nagas. Viola mandshurica f. ciliata (Nakai) F.Maek. Viola mandshurica var. ciliata Nakai Viola mandshurica var. crassa Tatew. Viola mandshurica f. crassa (Tatew.) F.Maek. Viola mandshurica f. dispar Honda Viola mandshurica f. glabra (Nakai) Hiyama ex F.Maek. Viola mandshurica var. glabra Nakai Viola mandshurica var. glabripetala Hiyama Viola mandshurica f. hasegawae Hiyama Viola mandshurica f. macrantha (Maxim.) Nakai ex Kitag. Viola mandshurica var. media (Nakaiú Hiyama Viola mandshurica f. plena F.Maek. Viola mandshurica f. villosa Sugim. Viola oblongosagittata f. ishizakii Yamam. Viola oldhamiana Nakai Viola patrini var. gmeliniana Miq. Viola patrinii var. macrantha Maxim. Viola philippica f. intermedia (Kitag.) Kitag. Viola rhodosepala Kitag. Viola yedoensis f. intermedia Kitag.
Territory	3 Asia-Temperate 31 Russian Far East (AMU Amur, KHA Khabarovsk, KUR Kuril Is., PRM Primorye) 36 China (CHI Inner Mongolia, CHM Manchuria, CHN China North-Central, CHS China Southeast) 38 Eastern Asia (JAP Japan, KOR Korea)