| Family | VIOLACEAE |
| Genus species | Viola alba Besser sect. Viola |
| Bibliography | Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 1: 171 (1809) |
| Native Range | s. France to s. Poland and nw. Turkey |
| Primary Biome | Temperate |
| Habitat | thickets and woods |
| Altitude | 200-1500m |
| Description | leaves dark green, ovate, deeply cordate, shallowly incised-dentate, petiolate, stipules linear-lanceolate, ciliate, flowers 1-2cm, fragrant, spur long, obtuse |
| Size | 5-15cm |
| Color | white, violet |
| Bloom | early spring |
| Ca | |
| Type | perennial |
| Cultivation | cold, shady site with a humous, moist soil alpine house, moist, humous soil, shade |
| Propagation | seed in winter, barely covered, germ. 1-3 months, 13-16°C division after flowering and in fall |
| Synonyms | Viola alba var. albiflora Wiesb. ex Dichtl Viola alba var. besseri (Rupr.) Beck Viola alba f. incurva Pau Viola alba var. picta (Moggr.) Espeut Viola alba var. scotophylla (Jord.) Ces. Viola alba ssp. scotophylla (Jord.) Nyman Viola alba var. scotophylloides Wiesb. ex Dichtl Viola alba ssp. thessala (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek Viola alba var. violacea Wiesb. ex Dichtl Viola alba var. virescens (Jord. ex Boreau) P.Fourn. Viola alba ssp. virescens (Jord. ex Boreau) P.Fourn. Viola besseri Rupr. Viola dehnhardtii var. burgalensis Sennen & Pau Viola dehnhardtii f. glaberrima W.Becker Viola hirta ssp. ausonensis Sennen Viola hirta var. picta Moggr. Viola multicaulis var. scotophylla (Jord.) Caldesi Viola nigricans Schur ex Nyman Viola odorata ssp. alba (Besser) Bonnier Viola odorata var. alba (Besser) Dumort. Viola odorata var. inodora Cambess. ex N.E.Br. Viola odorata var. scotophylla (Jord.) Lange Viola praecox Heuff. ex Fuss Viola scotophylla Jord. Viola thessala Boiss. & Spruner Viola virescens Jord. ex Boreau |
| Territory | 1 Europe 11 Middle Europe (AUT Austria, CZE Czechoslovakia, GER Germany, HUN Hungary, POL Poland, SWI Switzerland) 12 Southwestern Europe (FRA France, SPA Spain) 13 Southeastern Europe (BUL Bulgaria, GRC Greece, ITA Italy, KRI Kriti, ROM Romania, YUG Yugoslavia) 14 Eastern Europe (UKR Ukraine) 3 Asia-Temperate 34 Western Asia (TUR Turkey) |